CompCert for ARM is a formally verified optimizing C compiler. Its intended use is compiling safety-critical and mission-critical software written in C and meeting high levels of assurance. It accepts most of the ISO C 99 language, with some exceptions and a few extensions. It produces machine code for 32-bit and 64-bit ARM.
CompCert is the only production compiler that is formally verified, using machine-assisted mathematical proofs, to be exempt from miscompilation issues. The code it produces is proved to behave exactly as specified by the semantics of the source C program.
This level of confidence in the correctness of the compilation process is unprecedented and contributes to meeting the highest levels of software assurance.
In 2022, the Association for Computing Machinery, ACM, presented the CompCert development team with the prestigious ACM Software System Award. Subsequently, the team also received the ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award.
CompCert implements the following optimizations, all of them formally verified:
On typical embedded processors, code generated by CompCert typically runs twice as fast as code generated by GCC without optimizations, and only 20% slower than GCC code at optimization level 3.
Execution times of 23 benchmark programs compiled with
■ gcc -O0
,
■ CompCert,
■ gcc -O1
, and
■ gcc -O2
“With CompCert it is possible to decrease the execution time of our flight control algorithms by a significant amount. The reduction of the execution time can be used for additional functionality.”
TU Munich, Institute of Flight System Dynamics
“The computed WCET bounds lead to a total processor load which is about 28% smaller with the CompCert-generated code than with the code generated by the conventional compiler. The main reason for this behaviour is the improved memory performance. The result is consistent with our expectations and with previously published CompCert research papers.”
Supported target system is Linux. 32-bit EABI is supported with the GNU toolchain.
An optional tool called Valex is available for the postpass validation of the assembling and linking steps. It compares the instructions in the abstract assembly code produced by CompCert to the instructions in the linked binary executable, checks whether symbols are used consistently, whether variable size and initialization data match up, and whether variables are placed in the proper sections in the executable.
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